TQ2078 : 4, The Orchard
taken 12 years ago, near to Chiswick, Hounslow, England
Although not originally called a garden suburb, it can realistically claim to be the first such, predating Hampstead Garden Suburb.
The aim of the developer, John Carr, was to create a relatively green landscape, using the existing mature trees in the area, resulting in the relatively unstructured road layout of the initial development.
Development commenced in 1875, Carr joined up with leading architects of the period to create stylish houses in the current Aesthetic style, firstly Edwin William Godwin, with whom he fell out after just a few years, and later Robert Norman Shaw, who was nationally recognised.
With the community and social facilities included in the development, it became a fashionable place to live, with many artistic residents, remaining so for around 40 years.
By the middle of the 20th century it had however declined, with many properties having passed into multiple ownership. Demolition of a couple of properties around 1960 alerted people to the importance of the area, resulting in the formation of the Bedford Park Society. Owing to its efforts, 356 properties, effectively the whole of the initial 1875 to 1885 phase of development were listed by 1967, and the whole area became a conservation area under the auspices of the two London Boroughs, Ealing and Hounslow, in which Bedford Park lies.
The result has been a considerable reversion to single ownership, and virtually complete refurbishment of the houses.
Listed buildings and structures are officially designated as being of special architectural, historical or cultural significance. There are over half a million listed structures in the United Kingdom, covered by around 375,000 listings.
Listed status is more commonly associated with buildings or groups of buildings, however it can cover many other structures, including bridges, headstones, steps, ponds, monuments, walls, phone boxes, wrecks, parks, and heritage sites, and in more recent times a road crossing (Abbey Road) and graffiti art (Banksy 'Spy-booth') have been included.
In England and Wales there are three main listing designations;
Grade I (2.5%) - exceptional interest, sometimes considered to be internationally important.
Grade II* (5.5%) - particularly important buildings of more than special interest.
Grade II (92%) - nationally important and of special interest.
There are also locally listed structures (at the discretion of local authorities) using A, B and C designations.
In Scotland three classifications are also used but the criteria are different. There are around 47,500 Listed buildings.
Category A (8%)- generally equivalent to Grade I and II* in England and Wales
Category B (51%)- this appears generally to cover the ground of Grade II, recognising national importance.
Category C (41%)- buildings of local importance, probably with some overlap with English Grade II.
In Northern Ireland the criteria are similar to Scotland, but the classifications are:
Grade A (2.3%)
Grade B+ (4.7%)
Grade B (93%)
Read more at Wikipedia Link