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Along with Waverley Station, the Princes Street Gardens are located in the steep, narrow valley between the medieval Old Town and the 18th century New Town.

This valley was formerly filled by a freshwater loch called the Nor Loch which became badly polluted by sewage and household waste as the Old Town became more crowded during the Middle Ages. During the construction of the New Town, the Nor Loch was drained and the area was converted into private gardens for Princes Street residents until the city purchased them and opened them to the public in 1876 with the name Princes Street Gardens.

A Victorian Gothic monument to Scottish author Sir Walter Scott (author of the Waverley novels). It stands in Princes Street Gardens, opposite Jenners department store on Princes Street, near to Edinburgh Waverley Railway Station. The tower is 200 feet 6 inches high and has a series of viewing decks which give panoramic views of central Edinburgh and its surroundings.

The monument is a Category A listed building (LB27829 Link Historic Environment Scotland).

The National Gallery of Scotland was designed by William Henry Playfair and opened to the public in 1859.
It is Grade A listed. Link
Website: Link

The Royal Scottish Academy (RSA) is Scotland’s premier organisation promoting contemporary Scottish art. Founded in 1826, the RSA maintains a unique position in Scotland as an independently funded institution led by eminent artists and architects whose purpose is to promote and support the creation, understanding and enjoyment of the visual arts through exhibitions and related educational events.
Grade A listed. Link
Website: Link

The New Town in Edinburgh is considered to be a masterpiece of city planning. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995. It was built in stages between 1765 and around 1850, and retains much of the original neo-classical period architecture. The area combines gridiron roads with sweeping crescents and circuses. Many of the buildings are Category A listed. For a map of listed buildings see Link
Wikipedia: Link